Death of A Salesman Shifting of the American Dream - Literature Essay Samples

From its very infancy, the American continent was often equated with boundless opportunity. In A Description of New England John Smith characterized the early colonies of 1616 as a land of economic potential, declaring that If a man work but three days in seven, he may get more than he can spend. (51) In America, it was possible for a man from even the most modest of origins to ascend to great wealth through diligence and the sweat of his brow, unrestrained by any social hierarchy or intellectual qualifications. As the nation grew, however, the composition of the American Dream began to shift accordingly. By 1949, when Death of a Salesman debuted, the United States had endured the Civil War, two World Wars, the prosperity of the roaring twenties and ensuing collapse of the Great Depression, and was again in the midst of an economic boom. The economic and social change transformed forever the very definition of the American Dream. Once a philosophical ideal, the concept had essential ly come under the brand ownership of corporate America. Rather than inspiring men to greatness, the American Dream instead was used as a marketing tool, urging a nations eager consumers to partake of tract housing, new cars, and processed food. Bundled up and sold along with the dream was a pervasive conformity, guarding against the threat of economic instability which had afflicted previous decades (Schwartz 111). Suddenly, the greatness promised by the dream was the greatnesses of middle class suburbia embodied in the sprawling acreage of Levittown, the ideal of unlimited wealth gained through hard work having been gradually relegated to the rapidly vanishing frontiers. As the definition of the dream changed, however, it left as casualties in its passing the lifeless bodies of those unable to adapt with itpeople who bought wholeheartedly into one dream only to see that dream evaporate and be replaced by a new dream they perceived as the intangible compromise of those afraid to aspire for something more. One of those bodies scattered along the abandoned highway of the American Dream was that of Willy Loman.In many ways, Willy represented the last of the agrarian frontiersman, forced into the uncomfortable fit of a corporate world. For Willy, success was something you attained by how hard you worked and how well liked you were. This doctrine of how to achieve success consumed Willys life and sealed his fate. No matter what he achieved, Willy was constantly forced, by the conflict with his own aspirations, to view himself as a failure. For Willy success meant achieving the sudden wealth of the frontier. That frontier, however, was gone. Consequently, all Willy could do was suffer, comparing himself with an ideal which never really was attainable for him and, in his waning years, desperately trying to live the same unattainable dream vicariously through his sons in whom hed instilled the same antiquated idealism which afflicted him. In Biff and Happys inabil ity to live their fathers dream, however, they too were viewed as failures. The only real success depicted in Death of a Salesman is represented by three characters, one representing the extinct agrarian definition of the American Dream, another the acceptance of the corporate ideal which replaced it, and finally, one representing the intellectual potential capable of transcending that corporate ideal and its accompanying conformitythus affirming that along with its vast capacity for failure, America still holds the potential for achieving greatness. It is through the analysis of Arthur Millers treatment of the characters of Ben, Charley, and Bernard that the transformation of the American Dream can be comprehensively evaluated.Ben is the only member of the Loman family to ever achieve any actual success. Consequently, and despite being somewhat of an enigma, he is virtually mythologized in the mind of Willy. Few details are known as to what real success he ever achieved but for Wil ly it is what Ben represents that is important. The very personification of the American Dream for the Loman family, Ben went off to make his fortune early in life and did exactly that. Not incidentally, however, he achieved that American Dream not in America but rather, in Africa. Suggesting that perhaps Willys concept of success in America had already been supplanted by the corporate ideal, Ben attained his fortune not in the nearby fields and byways of Willys world but rather, thousands of miles from the culture that imprisoned Willy. Nevertheless, the memory of Ben serves to provide Willy with a blueprint, albeit a vague one at best, of what it takes to achieve extraordinary success. Ben was a mans manrugged and optimistic. Even his description of his own success is stripped down to its barest essentials, summed up by declaring, When I was seventeen I walked into the jungle, and when I was twenty-one I walked out. And by God I was rich.( What exactly Ben did in the jungle is a m ystery. The only certainties relative to him are his role as the manifestation of all that Willy aspires to and, as such, his validation of Willys unattainable dreams. Had Willy gone with Ben to Alaska, when afforded the opportunity, would he too have achieved extraordinary wealth? The answer is unknown but in Willys mind, there is little doubt. Also of note is that Ben is the only character in the entire play that refers to Willy as William, perhaps suggesting a higher level of respect afforded to a successful man. Willy is the common man, relegated to the confines of economic weakness, whereas William was in many ways the potential for greatness that went unfulfilled2E Its a large part of Willys dream to attain the respect and admiration of his peers, to be revered; yet he is ultimately only a pathetic remnant of his failed dreams, unable to rise above the juvenile moniker of Willy.Just as Ben represents the American Dream of Willys consciousness, Charley represents the realizatio n of the dream as formulated in the boardrooms of corporate America. Willys foil, Charley lives his life devoid of lofty aspirations. All he wants is a happy, stable life free of debt and that is exactly what he attains. Though by no means a rich man, Charley is nevertheless several rungs up the economic ladder from the bottom step Willy occupies. For Charley, there is no equivalent to Ben, no dreams of achieving wealth in the frontier of the past, no archetype to be compared to. Instead, Charley is a willing participant in the corporate culture and the suburban life it entails. Unlike Willy, Charley is content with his Chevrolet, his whipped cheese, and all the other trappings that lead Willy to view himself as a failure. Most importantly, Charley recognizes the shifting taking place, realizing that being well liked and athletic is no longer sufficient to achieve success in the modern America. Instead of encouraging his son to be a mans manlike Willy doesCharley sees the importan ce of education. In the reformulated America, a man is able to set himself apart not by the strength of his muscles or appeal of his smile but rather, by the capacity of his mind and breadth of knowledge. Late in the play, when Willy refuses Charleys offers of help and employment, the sharp philosophical differences of the two characters are underscored. Willy cannot accept the help, not as a by-product of his eroding sanity but rather, on principle. Acceptance would be tantamount to acknowledging Charleys unambitious philosophy to be the correct one, best suited for the era the two men occupy, and that is an admission Willys pride would never allow him to make.Having failed to achieve his own dreams, Willy turns to Biff and Happy in the desperate hope that they can attain that which he could not. Unfortunately, Willy was so adamant in his beliefs that he indoctrinated his sons in the same idealistic, agrarian attitudes that condemned him. Consequently, Willy cannot achieve succes s even vicariously, the destructive idealism self-perpetuating across generations. In contrast, Charleys son Bernardlong the subject of Willy and Biffs ridiculerepresents the intellectual qualities required by the new America to attain success. Despite being physically weak and not well liked, Bernard, through the persistent application of his intelligence, becomes an eminent lawyer who, the very day Biff and Willy are forced to confront the falsehood of their lives, embarks for Washington to plead a case before the Supreme Court. The single most significant feat of the entire play, Bernards great success serves to demonstrate that America does indeed still hold the potential of attaining greatness. However, that greatness is based upon markedly different terms than the success that preceded it in the annals of American history.Ultimately, the America that serves as the canvas for Death of a Salesman is a vastly different America from the land of boundless opportunity described by J ohn Smith. Though the prospect of greatness still exists, the previous definition of the American Dreampersonified by rustic settlers and courageous frontiersmenwas supplanted by the corporate dream of millions of Americans eating the same food, driving the same cars, and living in the same, identical tract homes. That new definition of the American Dream is a conformist one; interspersed only occasional by a small minority who through superior intellect are able to transcend the mediocrity for which most happily aspire. It is when the American Dream of the past collides violently with the American Dream of post-WWII America that tragedy occurs. In the words of Arthur Miller in his essay On Biff and Willy Loman, It is the tragedy of a man who did believe that he alone was not meeting the qualifications laid down for mankind by those clean-shaven frontiersmen who inhabit the peaks of broadcasting and advertising officeshe heard the thundering command to succeed as it ricocheted down the newspaper-lined canyons of his city, heard not a human voice, but a wind of a voice to which no human can reply in kind, except to stare into the mirror at a failure. (Miller 1892)WORKS CITEDMiller, Arthur. On Biff and Willy Loman. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins 2002. 1892.Schwartz, Frederic D. Levittown. American Heritage 6 (1997): 111-113.Smith, John. A Description of New England. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W.W. Norton Company 1999. 51.

Essay On Journey Of The Wanderer - 1366 Words

Journey of the Wanderer I have never felt such radical emotions. It makes me wonder if any other purposeless wanderers can empathize with my position. There is no home where I belong, nor is there any nomadic reason to travel with my quarters wherever I go. As for my origins, I am still unaware of any childhood memories, or misadventures. For the only path I can now travel is beyond the trees, and across the glittering grass fields reflecting the array of the wondrous moonlight. I found myself pondering on the crypt every step taken on the ground. It seems the more I walk, my feet increase the trench dug into the ground. How can I keep this up until I have discovered what I look for? Are My days to be spent walking pointlessly†¦show more content†¦I could not move any further for the light was nowhere, but wait a church? There was I church I saw that I had directly ignored. There I was at the gate of the church. Maybe it had been abandoned so I can stay without frightening a nyone off. No, I saw a light that meant someone had been there keeping after the keep. I wandered to the back where I realised something I had not felt since I was at the couple’s wedding. Fear; Overwhelming fear. I had sensed the company of ghouls, and nocturnal animals. In the distance I could spot four yellow eyes belonging to possible wolves. I banged my hands against the door about ten times, and then waited. There was no way I was going to wait for someone to the door. I checked the matt incase a key was left. Then, I felt a Jingle against the door. I hid beside the crevice, and waited for the noise to go away. So I did. Then it opened I slid against the shadow of the wall.†Is anyone there?† There was no need to worry about remaining silent, for I had done that for too long. But in my carelessness fell on the metal, echoing throughout the forest. The man was looking at me, but not in horror, but in mild surprise. He slightly smiled, and said,†welcome traveler.† I was shocked by the lack of bluntness in his voice. My feet were, shaking in aw. If my heart rate had increased it would fall out of my chest since there was barely any flesh on me. I was still sitting in the shadow of darkness when my legs began to shake. â€Å"Step forward heShow MoreRelated Siddhartha and Narcissus and Goldmund Comparative Essay684 Words   |  3 Pages Siddhartha and Narcissus and Goldmund Comparative Essay Hermann Hesse was a man that lived from 1877 and 1962 and faced a life of struggle as he coped with the effects of war. During this period of time the theme of finding yourself was quite popular and experiences affect his works. Hesse wrote both Narcissus And Goldmund and Siddhartha, two books that are about men who are searching for who they are. 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Marketing and Entrepreneurship

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Entrepreneurship Management. Answer: Introduction: The current study attempts to review the latest news published on the web page of Nestle, Australia and Peters brand page, regarding the new product launches or the promotional campaigns. The nutrition savvy, healthy promotion, funding boost for the indigenous girls, meet the MILO Superman, etc. are the current developments, maintained by Nestle on its web page. This development has been made targeting the kid mass of Australia. The Raising Nutrition Savvy Kids report can be considered a successful approach for earning higher business revenue from this product. The Nestle Healthy Active kids program is also providing the opportunity for the parent and the teachers to nominate the student to win $25,000 and $1,000 VISA Load Go Gift Card (www.nestle.com.au, 2016). The promotional activity is considered as potent enough as it employs both the health and monetary benefit for the student groups and the parents as well. Shilton (2006) stated that informative and attractive promotional cam paigns, improve brand awareness, thereby increasing the revenue of the firm. On the other hand, the CEO Trevor Clayton also welcomed the announcement that the additional funding would be given to allow the Role models and Leaders girls academy program. The girl segment has been targeted for promoting the healthy products. The promotional campaign also communicates that those girls will be supported by additional funding for completing the schools. This sort of extraordinary commitment ensures Nestles ability to meet the need of the young indigenous girls in the secondary schools. In this context, Clayton and Heo (2011) stated that the promotions of social responsibility help the firm to create an active brand to the target audience. Thus, the firm Nestle could also improve its current brand attractiveness index in its global operation. The Girls Academy CEO Ricky Grace also stated that the Academy is proud to work with Nestle Australia, to develop the mutual goal of both Nestle and the overall community as well. Furthermore, the campaign Meet the MILO Superman has been successfully promoting the hot or cold delicious energiser for the kid segment. The imagination of being so strong that a child can lift a bull onto the shoulders can generate higher brand attractiveness towards the younger segment. Supporting to this fact, Clayton and Heo (2011) stated that the presentation of the promotional activity increases the overall brand attractiveness. Similarly, Nestls promotional activity has been made to help the communities suffering from the poor diets and other malnutrition diseases. The research commissioned end by MILO also identified that 61% parents expressed great concern regarding the children, who were not getting a potential workout and gaming activity. The figure has dramatically increased to 93% among the malnutrition children. Therefore, it can be stated that targeting the children segment and introduction of the current boosted product could facilitate the firm attracting a potentia l child population towards the brand (Kelly et al. 2010). Eventually, the brand revenue can be improved in the international market as well. Finally, it can be concluded that the current product launches and its promotional activities can actually attract targeted customers, and the brand can improve its sustainability as well. References: Clayton, M. and Heo, J. (2011) Effects of promotionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based advertising on brand associations, Journal of Product Brand Management, 20(4), pp. 309315. Home (2016) Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au (Accessed: 23 August 2016). Kelly, B., Baur, L.A., Bauman, A.E., King, L., Chapman, K. and Smith, B.J. (2010) Food and drink sponsorship of childrens sport in Australia: Who pays?, Health Promotion International, 26(2), pp. 188195. Shilton, T. (2006) Advocacy for physical activity-from to influence, Promotion Education, 13(2), pp. 118126 Marketing and Entrepreneurship Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction: The change throughout the demographic market segments has critically affected the desired opportunities for the international marketing. The shifting of the demographic change has crucially affected the entire global markets and moreover it has affected the selected target market for the firms concerned. These changes have vast implications on the international businesses. The marketers are identified that there is a crucial shift in the geographic population including the change in the family structures and much more. The desired economic environment is featured by the more numbers of concerns by the consumers related to the shifting of the patterns of consumer spending (Christofi and Vrontis, 2015). The aging of the concerned populations has desired requirements as per the change in the trends and this generates crucial impact on the entire business process within the international market segments. Therefore, the geographic expansion is considered to be the one of the most crucial reasons for affecting the opportunities for international marketing. The next reason is the mobility for the respective users throughout different countries. It is a matter of fact that 90% of the people now lives in a place which has access to a mobile network. China has more than 900 Million of the mobile phone users and India accounts for more than 90% of the internet users. Therefore, these facts evaluate the desired information that the change in the demographics has significantly affected the execution of the business processes throughout the international market segments (Driving the economy through innovation and entrepreneurship, 2013). The use of the internet connectivity along with the effective use of the e-commerce has brought up several crucial changes. The next is the use of mobile payment systems and the most of the search for a product online is from the locals. The availability of the too many options mainly affects the execution of the business process throughout the international market segments. After the world war II, the baby boom mainly produced 78 million of the baby boomers and these have evolved as to be the most useful and powerful sources throughout the marketing environment (Hult, Pride, and Ferrell, 2012). There are five of the important industries which are set for a baby boomer boom; they are property, healthcare, travel, aged-care facilities and the financial planning industries. It is very crucial to note that the demands will definitely increase for the different health care merely for the rise in demands for baby boomers (Wolfe and Wolfe, 2009). As per the IBIS World, figure data revealed that people aged 65 containing make up of 35.9% with various diagnoses geared up towards older patients. The travel industries are the next one who will be benefited with the desired demographic changes throughout the international marketing. References Christofi, M., and Vrontis, D. (2015). Marketing and Innovation in Business. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Driving the economy through innovation and entrepreneurship. (2013). New Delhi: Springer. Hult, G., Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2012).Marketing. Andover: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Wolfe, M. and Wolfe, M. (2009).Fashion marketing merchandising. Tinley Park, Il.: Goodheart-Willcox Co.

The Aliens Act Essay Example For Students

The Aliens Act Essay I am comparing the two plays The Crucible and Little Malcolm And His Struggle Against The Eunuchs. Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, at the time of McCarthyism. Little Malcolm was written by David Halliwell in 1964. The Crucible was set before it was written; however Little Malcolm was set around the time it was written.  The Crucible is set in 1692, Salem, Massachusetts. There is a general theme of suspicion, as the Salem witch trials were what was happening at the time, and show how the suspicion and superstition led to constant accusations and harsh punishments. This idea stemmed from the original stimulus of the McCarthy communist persecutions, as does the idea of naming names to get off the hook. It was written as an allegory; Miller would not have gotten away with writing a play openly on the political affairs of the time, due to censorship laws. He himself had been in front of the House of Un-American Activities Committee (H.U.A.C.), an organisation who demanded that anyone who had attended a communist meeting had to name anyone who they had seen there. This is shown when Betty and Abigail are saying I saw with the Devil. Another likeness is the strict Puritan morals of 1692, and strict American morals in 1953. The Aliens Act was an issue at the time, an anti-immigrant law made by President Truman. We will write a custom essay on The Aliens Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Little Malcolm was both written and set in 1964. The play is light hearted at the beginning, but during the scene we are performing, the plot takes on a more sinister turn. It is said that the idea came from when Halliwell was expelled from art school himself, however in his case he was allowed to return after a week, when his parents discussed the matter with the principal; this clearly does not happen in Little Malcolm. The idea of the plot is loosely based upon the rise of Hitler; he wasnt taken seriously when he began his rise to power, but his charisma and powers of persuasion allowed him to achieve his aims. It is also based on the hollowness of the 1960s protest movements, to show the futility and the idea that the characters have big plans, but ones which they cant feasibly execute. The plot in The Crucible centres around accusations of witchcraft. It begins with the idea of the girls dancing naked in the woods, shown when Parris is discussing them. The next key point is when Betty is possessed so Reverend Hale is called to exorcise the Devil. It is then revealed that Abigail was dismissed from John Proctors service by his wife, as she was having an affair with John. Abigail and Betty then both begin to name names. In the next act, it transpires that there are 17 people condemned to hang for witchcraft, and that the Proctors are having a tough relationship due to Johns affair. Hale arrives to question them both, and towards the end Elizabeth Proctor is arrested. In the next act, the trial takes place. The girls pretend that Mary Warren is bewitching them, and the Judges seem to be won over by it. John, trying to defend Mary at first, ends up being accused due to Mary Warren naming him. He goes wild at the trial and ends up claiming to be a witch. Rebecca Nurse is condemned to hang, and John Proctor will be set free. After refusing to sign his confession, a lie, he is hanged. John Proctor is a strong character, a peasant farmer, and loyal to an extent. Elizabeth Proctor is a weak character, who doesnt feel girls should have so much power to hang people. Reverend Hale is a sympathetic, defensive, determined character who becomes desperate as the play progresses. Danforth is a strong character; almost merciless, not prepared to buckle under the pressure of what was going on in court and is occasionally angry. Abigail Williams is a strong, threatening, character. She is imposing, intimidating, manipulative and commands a lot of power. .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .postImageUrl , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:hover , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:visited , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:active { border:0!important; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:active , .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347 .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f65e4f4f75d9d33fefa15c5bb6be347:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kathleen Chalfant - an angel with six faces EssayIn Little Malcolm, the play is centred around Malcolm Scrawdyke, a disruptive Art student in Huddersfield, Yorkshire. He is expelled from art school for his disruptive influence, so forms his own political party, the Party of Dynamic Erection with his three friends Wick Blagdon, Irwin Ingham and Dennis Charles Nipple. Malcolm brands everyone who opposes him, especially the principal of the art school, a Eunuch. At first, they are confident that students across the nation will hurry to join them. They decide that their first revolutionary act will be to humiliate the principle of the Art college, and the first Act of the play is a series of set pieces in which the students plan their attack. While this begins as an hilarious set of scenes, it gets darker as the play progresses; Malcolm shows himself to be power-mad and deluding during the scene which we are performing; he says to Wick that he wants power for sadistic purposes, purely for its own sake, then declares Nipple dead simply for being too clever to fit in and follow orders. This scene is quite ironic, as Malcolm calls Nipple deluded, mad, and a fantasist, which is clear hypocrisy; of the group, Malcolm is the least realistic, and is clearly a fantasist. In the scenes which follow, Malcolms infatuation with Ann Gedge takes a darker turn, when he orders his cronies to beat her up with him, purely for a personal sense of power, to build up his self-esteem. As the play transpires, Malcolms acolytes abandon him, as they are more realistic than him. He is then left alone to plot one final fruitless plan, in a desperate attempt to recover a part of his original ideas.

Hydroponics2 essays

Hydroponics2 essays Imagine being able to grow plants and/or crops everyday of the year in smaller spaces without the use of any soil. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that does just this. The idea for the use of plant growth without any soil was developed in the eighteen hundreds. Hydroponic gardening is an old idea yet new methods have been formed to give you three hydroponic gardening options. These three options are defined by uses of different mediums. Fifteen to twenty minutes of care per day can produce beautiful plants and enough food to feed one family a day. Hydroponic environments are indoors so weather changes do not effect them. All mediums use certain solutions which vary with different types of mediums. Hydroponic environments are easy to build and easy to take care of and the advantages are great. This form of agriculture is one of man's simple yet helpful ideas that can better the earth and it's people. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that was originally used for growing plants in the winter. Hydroponic agriculture is also known as soiless agriculture, nutriculture, or chemical culture. Hydroponic plants can be gardened in several different ways. Hydroponics uses different nutrient solutions to ensure better plant life. Plants need nutrients and moisture to survive and soil provides this. When hydroponic gardening is used these necessities increase and the plant lives a fuller and more beautiful life. As it was already mentioned, the advantages of hydroponic gardening are great. It was also already mentioned that hydroponic gardening reduces the amount of space used and can be grown all year long. But this is only the beginning of the advantages of hydroponic gardening. People who have hydroponic gardens don't have to put up with soil-borne pests and diseases and they don't have to pull any weeds. Food crops grow and mature at a much faster rate in non-soi...

Discuss the concept of marketing myopia and its benefits and Essay

Discuss the concept of marketing myopia and its benefits and limitations for a company - Essay Example They focused on products instead of customer requirements. This lack of vision and the customer dissatisfaction paved the way for the success of the auto industry on the highways. Further, the construction of super highways has created better medium for freight and passenger traffic, posing a formidable competition for the railways. Similarly, when small cars were introduced in the US market by Japanese companies, they became a hit in the first year of their introduction. Though there had been major researches going on for a long time in the US, none of them were able to find out what exactly the customers wanted. They focused on what was the best alternative available for a customer of the available options. They totally ignored customer requirements. Their researches focused on the product, not on customer requirements. Marketing Myopia occurs when a marketer is excessively preoccupied with product development, manufacturing or selling and ignores customer needs wants and interests. Marketing is a long-term function that involves anticipating a change in the future, and planning for it accordingly (Saxena, 1997). Another example that is apt quoting in this context of marketing myopia is that of the pager industry and radio broadcasting. Pager companies could not foresee technology changes and changing customer expectations and adapt themselves to fulfil customer expectations while mobile companies fulfilled the needs and succeeded in the market. Most companies that did not consider customers’ needs and preferences have suffered losses. With the changing times, a good marketer needs the vision to be on top of the changes and trends. Theodore Levitt in his book The Marketing Imagination has cited four conditions for business obsolescence as a result of marketing myopia. The following are the conditions: 1. The belief of

History and political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History and political science - Essay Example Some of the ancient theorists are the Marxists and empiricists. Marxists focused on the issue of communism and capitalism1. Karl Marx is among the many known historians who led to the development of the Marxist theory. Therefore, it is necessary to address a number of theories developed by these historians. Numerous reasons are accountable for the difference in interpretations of history as depicted by varied historians. First, historians existed at dissimilar times and thus encountered different life occurrences. For instance, the ancient historians majorly tried to put into history the occurrences that people had not given attention2. This is a category of individuals, who ventured majorly in the explanation of the origin of humanity and the social classes. In an appropriate explanation of why historians have such different interpretations of history, it is crucial to examine the works of Karl Marx3. Marx is highly renowned due to his Marxist theory. Karl Marx is among the ancient historians born in Germany in 1818 and his works contributed mightily to history. Marx existed during a period coupled with many revolutions. As a result, together with his collaborator, he developed several ideas from their life experiences. Karl’s closest friend, Friedrich Engels worked together in writing the history. As opposed to ancient historians, modern and postmodern historians depict a different way of interpreting history4. The key reason behind their interpretation is the developments that have occurred recently. In addition to the developments, the availability of the secondary information sources in national archives and libraries facilitates the process of interpreting history5. Such resources normally compare the ancient history with the current, thus coming up with an accurate, as well as informed explanation of the key historical happenings. The question also demands an explanation on how different historians interpret history in a dissimilar manner. In answ ering the above question, it will be necessary to focus on some of the historians’ interpretations about history. An ancient historian whose name is Karl Marx contributed significantly in history. He interpreted history by giving a lot of attention to materialistic bit of it6. As a result, the phrase historical materialism came into existence. The literature has revealed that he concentrated on both physiological, as well as the material needs. He disputed the idea of a complete satisfaction of an individual’s both physiological, as well as materialistic needs. He thus concluded that the ease at which to access such materials determines the nature of a society hence the birth of the phrase history of humanity. He also established three ways in which human society changes and all of them were dependent on the level of production. In addition to the Karl’s interpretation of history, other historians such empiricists have different interpretations7. Empiricists emp loy scientific principles in understanding how history has been changing over time. They insist the implication of applying knowledge in order to understand the key historical events. In the information collection process, they stress on the authenticity of the resources used in maintaining the accuracy of information. They aim at visiting the main international archives thus collecting the most accurate information for interpretation purposes. Among all the theories described in the book, I feel comfortable with the empiricist theory. The above is a theory based on knowledge, as well as epistemology8. Scholars define epistemology as the study of knowledge. The empiricists majorly center their work on craft. The issue of craft highly concentrates on knowledge and skill. The empiricism is an